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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Reticulum Protocol</span></h1>

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<p>The <b>Reticulum Protocol</b> is a complete <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_stack" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:Protocol stack">networking stack</a> for building both local and wide-area networks with readily available <a href="Hardware" title="Hardware">hardware</a>.

</p>

<p>It offers <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-to-end_encryption" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:End-to-end encryption">end-to-end encryption</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_secrecy" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:Forward secrecy">forward secrecy</a>, initiator anonymity, autoconfiguring cryptographically backed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-hop_routing" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:Multi-hop routing">multi-hop transport</a>, efficient addressing, unforgeable <a href="Packet" title="Packet">packet</a> acknowledgements and more. It is designed to continue to operate under adverse conditions, such as extremely low <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:Bandwidth (computing)">bandwidth</a> and very high latency.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Reticulum can be used over a wide variety of communication mediums, from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_radio" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:Packet radio">packet radio</a> to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:Fiber-optic communication">fiber optics</a>, practically any medium that can support at least a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duplex_(telecommunications)#HALF-DUPLEX" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:Duplex (telecommunications)">half-duplex</a> channel with greater throughput than 5 bits per second and an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_transmission_unit" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:Maximum transmission unit">MTU</a> of 500 bytes. Data radios, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:Modem">modems</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LoRa" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:LoRa">LoRa</a> radios, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_communication" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:Serial communication">serial lines</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_node_controller" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:Terminal node controller">AX.25 TNCs</a>, amateur radio <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_radio#Digital_and_computer-assisted_modes" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:Amateur radio">digital modes</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_ad_hoc_network" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:Wireless ad hoc network">ad-hoc</a> WiFi, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-space_optical_communication" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:Free-space optical communication">free-space optical links</a> and similar systems are all examples of the types of <a href="Interface" title="Interface">interfaces</a> Reticulum was designed for. It is also trivial to tunnel Reticulum over the Internet or private <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:Internet Protocol">IP</a> networks.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The Reticulum Protocol is defined by <a href="RNS" title="RNS">the reference implementation</a> and <span class="manual-link" title="Manual:Reticulum Network Stack Manual"><span class="mirror link"><span class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reticulum.network/manual/index.html#reticulum-network-stack-manual">the manual</a></span><span class="nomadnet">[nomadnetwork://a8d24177d946de4f1f0a0fe1af9a1338:/page/blob.mu`g=reticulum|r=reticulum|ref=HEAD|path=docs/markdown/index.md|anchor=reticulum-network-stack-manual the manual]</span></span></span>. It was dedicated to the public domain in 2016<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and reached <code>1.0</code> in 2025<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.

</p><p>For a deep dive, see <span class="manual-link" title="Manual:Understanding Reticulum"><span class="mirror link"><span class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reticulum.network/manual/understanding.html#understanding-reticulum">Understanding Reticulum</a></span><span class="nomadnet">[nomadnetwork://a8d24177d946de4f1f0a0fe1af9a1338:/page/blob.mu`g=reticulum|r=reticulum|ref=HEAD|path=docs/markdown/understanding.md|anchor=understanding-reticulum Understanding Reticulum]</span></span></span> in the manual. To understand the foundational philosophy and goals of Reticulum, it is highly recommended to read the <span class="manual-link" title="Manual:Zen of Reticulum"><span class="mirror link"><span class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reticulum.network/manual/zen.html#zen-of-reticulum">Zen of Reticulum</a></span><span class="nomadnet">[nomadnetwork://a8d24177d946de4f1f0a0fe1af9a1338:/page/blob.mu`g=reticulum|r=reticulum|ref=HEAD|path=docs/markdown/zen.md|anchor=zen-of-reticulum Zen of Reticulum]</span></span></span>.

</p>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_status">Current status</h2></div>

<blockquote><p>All core protocol features are implemented and functioning, but additions will probably occur as real-world use is explored. The API and wire-format can be considered complete and stable, but could change if absolutely warranted.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>There is work underway to conduct a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_verification" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:Formal verification">formal verification</a> of the protocol. It has not yet had an external <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_security_audit" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:Information security audit">security audit</a>. See also: <a href="FAQ#How_secure_is_Reticulum?" title="FAQ">How secure is Reticulum?</a>

</p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementations">Implementations</h2></div>

<dl><dd><span class="boilerplate seealso"><i>See also: <a href="Implementations" title="Implementations">Implementations</a></i></span></dd></dl>

<p>There are several implementations of Reticulum being developed besides <a href="RNS" title="RNS">RNS</a>.

</p><p>A Reticulum implementaton is expected to have full interoperability and sufficient functional parity with <a href="RNS" title="RNS">the reference implementation</a>. Otherwise, it is not Reticulum.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><i><b>Note:</b> Anything claiming to be Reticulum but not using the exact <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_primitive" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:Cryptographic primitive">cryptographic primitives</a> of the reference implementation is <b>not</b> Reticulum, and possibly an intentionally compromised or weakened clone.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cryptography">Cryptography</h2></div>

<p>Reticulum uses a simple suite of efficient, strong and well-tested cryptographic primitives that are widely available:<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li>Reticulum <a href="Identity" title="Identity">Identity</a> Keys are 512-bit <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curve25519" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:Curve25519">Curve25519</a> keysets

<ul><li>A 256-bit <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EdDSA#Ed25519" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:EdDSA">Ed25519</a> key for signatures</li>

<li>A 256-bit <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curve25519" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:Curve25519">X25519</a> key for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic-curve_Diffie%E2%80%93Hellman" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:Elliptic-curve Diffie–Hellman">ECDH</a> key exchanges</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HKDF" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:HKDF">HKDF</a> for key derivation</li>

<li>Encrypted tokens are based on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/fernet/spec/">Fernet spec</a>

<ul><li>Ephemeral keys derived from an ECDH key exchange on Curve25519</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:Advanced Encryption Standard">AES-256</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_mode_of_operation#CBC" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:Block cipher mode of operation">CBC</a> mode with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PKCS_7" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:PKCS 7">PKCS7</a> padding</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAC" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:HMAC">HMAC</a> using <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-2" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:SHA-2">SHA-256</a> for message authentication</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initialization_vector" class="extiw external" title="wikipedia:Initialization vector">IVs</a> must be generated through <code>os.urandom()</code> or better</li>

<li>No Fernet version and timestamp metadata fields</li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Implementations" title="Implementations">Implementations</a></li>

<li><a href="Weave" title="Weave">Weave</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2">1.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>What is Reticulum?</i>, Manual. <span class="exclude-nomadnet"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reticulum.network/manual/whatis.html">Web</a> / NomadNet: </span><code class="nomadnet address">a8d24177d946de4f1f0a0fe1af9a1338:/page/blob.mu`g=reticulum|r=reticulum|ref=HEAD|path=docs/markdown/whatis.md</code></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Reference Implementation</i>, Manual. <span class="exclude-nomadnet"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reticulum.network/manual/whatis.html#reference-implementation">Web</a> / NomadNet: </span><code class="nomadnet address">a8d24177d946de4f1f0a0fe1af9a1338:/page/blob.mu`g=reticulum|r=reticulum|ref=HEAD|path=docs/markdown/whatis.md|anchor=reference-implementation</code></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/markqvist/Reticulum/releases/tag/1.0.0">RNS 1.0.0</a>". GitHub.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-1">4.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Cryptographic Primitives</i>, Manual. <span class="exclude-nomadnet"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reticulum.network/manual/understanding.html#cryptographic-primitives">Web</a> / NomadNet: </span><code class="nomadnet address">a8d24177d946de4f1f0a0fe1af9a1338:/page/blob.mu`g=reticulum|r=reticulum|ref=HEAD|path=docs/markdown/understanding.md|anchor=cryptographic-primitives</code></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

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</style><div id="Reticulum_concepts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reticulum</a> concepts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Announce" title="Announce">Announce</a></li>

<li><a href="Blackhole" title="Blackhole">Blackhole</a></li>

<li><a href="Buffer" title="Buffer">Buffer</a></li>

<li><a href="Channel" title="Channel">Channel</a></li>

<li><a href="Destination" title="Destination">Destination</a></li>

<li><a href="Discovery" title="Discovery">Discovery</a></li>

<li><a href="Identity" title="Identity">Identity</a></li>

<li><a href="Instance" title="Instance">Instance</a></li>

<li><a href="Interface" title="Interface">Interface</a></li>

<li><a href="Interface_Access_Code" title="Interface Access Code">Interface Access Code</a> (IFAC)</li>

<li><a href="Network_identity" title="Network identity">Network identity</a></li>

<li><a href="Packet" title="Packet">Packet</a></li>

<li><a href="Propagation_node" title="Propagation node">Propagation node</a></li>

<li><a href="Resource" title="Resource">Resource</a></li>

<li><a href="Stamp" title="Stamp">Stamp</a></li>

<li><a href="Transport_node" title="Transport node">Transport node</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks">Categories: <ul><li><a href="Category%3AOfficial" title="Category:Official">Official</a></li><li><a href="Category%3AProtocols" title="Category:Protocols">Protocols</a></li></ul></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This page is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2026-08-23" href="https://reticulum.miraheze.org/wiki/?title=Reticulum_Protocol&oldid=3352">Reticulum Community Wiki</a>. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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